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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/023
1, 2 Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
*Corresponding Author: Md. Shahidul Islam, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, University of Science & Technology Chittagong (USTC), Bangladesh.
Citation: Chowdhury T, and Md. S. Islam (2020) Demonstration of Phytochemicals and In-vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory activity by methanolic extract of Elettaria cardamomum. J. Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research 3(3); DOI:10.31579/2693-7247/023
Copyright: © 2020, Shahidul Islam, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 25 November 2020 | Accepted: 01 December 2020 | Published: 07 December 2020
Keywords: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, elettaria cardamomum, IC50 values
The existing research study attempts to untie novel avenues for development of the medicinal exercises of Elettaria cardamomum, fashionable known as the “Queen of Spices” and locally recognized as “elaichi”. Its seeds are utilized as abortifacient, acrid, alexiteric, aromatic, sweet, cardiac tonic, cooling, carminative, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant and also tonic beneficial in the asthma, haemorrhoids, bronchitis, strangury, renal in addition to vesical calculi, anorexia, halitosis, gastropathy dyspepsia as well as burning sensation. The prime goal of this research work is to evaluate antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties of the traditional Bangladeshi medicinal extracts in addition to examine these activities. The aim in present work was to screen the phytochemical profile as well as pharmacological activities of the methanolic extract of this plant’s leaves. To explore pharmacological actions DPPH scavenging test and the HRBC membrane stabilization techniques were done for the antioxidant and also anti-inflammatory test respectively. The pharmacological works revealed that plant extracts might have noteworthy antioxidant effect which is possibly mediated by the inhibition of DPPH free radical which is accountable for oxidation. The IC50 values by the DPPH scavenging test observed for the standard and the leaves were 106.38µg/ml & 594.47µg/ml respectively. There is also moderate anti-inflammatory activity. The IC50 values for anti-inflammatory activity by standard & leaves were 35.04µg/ml and 944.0 µg/ml respectively.
The three main important necessities of life are food, clothing and also shelter. A host of additional useful manufactured goods are supplied to him by plant kingdom [1]. The nature has offered a complete store-house of the remedies to cure all the ailments of mankind. The knowledge of the drugs has collected over the thousands of years as a result of the man’s curious nature so that nowadays it possess many effectual means of ensuring the health-care [2].The cardamom oil is effectual as an antioxidant and also can increase intensities of glutathione which is a natural antioxidant in our body. The cause is increased by the increasing content of oil from the 100 to 5000 ppm [3]. The plants that acquire therapeutic properties and exert beneficial the pharmacological effects on animal body are by and large designated as the “Medicinal Plants” [4]. Even though there are no noticeable morphological characteristics in medicinal plants producing with them, up till now they acquire some out of the ordinary qualities and virtues that construct them medicinally imperative [5]. The plants which naturally synthesis and also accumulate several secondary metabolites like alkaloids, volatile oils, glycosides, tannins and also contain minerals in addition to vitamins possess the medicinal properties [6]. So from the extremely beginning of civilization, natives have depended on the nature for their essential needs, for the making of the flavors, diet, housing, nourishments, wear and also drugs [7]. That’s why many medicinal plants have made source of the refined traditional treatment systems that have been in being for the thousands of years and also remain to distribute human with innovative medications [8].
Plant material
For this research works, the leaves of Elettaria cardamomum was accumulated during June, 2019 from the University campus of University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Determination of Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
As it is known that in the alkaline condition phenols ionize absolutely. WhileFolin-Ciocalteu’s reagent is used in this ionized phenolic solution, the reagent will freely oxidize the phenols. Usual color of Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent is yellow and after the oxidation process the solution converts blue. The strength of the color alteration is restrained in a spectrophotometer at 760 nm. The absorbance value will imitate the total phenolic content of the compound [9].
Method of sample preparation
In this research work, the total phenolics of the extracts were evaluated using the Folin and Ciocalteu reagent, following the method designated with slight alterations [12]. The test sample (0.2 mL) was variegated with 0.6mL of water and 0.2mL of Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent (1: 1). Subsequently, 5min, 1mL of saturated sodium carbonate solution (8%w/v in water) was added to the mixture and the volume was completed up to 3mL with distilled water. Then the reaction was preserved in the dark for 30min and after centrifuging the absorbance of blue color from dissimilar samples was restrained at 760 nm. All determinations were carried out in triplicate [10].
Method of sample preparation
In this research work, fifty micro liters (µl) of tannins extract for each sample was occupied in test tube and volume was completed to 1.0 ml with distilled water. Then, 0.5 ml Folin Ciocalteu reagent was added and varied accurately. Then 2.5 ml 20 per cent sodium carbonate solution was added and varied accurately and kept for 40 minutes at room temperature. Moreover, the optical density was reserved at 725 nm in UV spectrophotometer and concentration was assessed [11].
Phytochemical screening:
In Table 3, it is shown that different chemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenes was present in a Acalyphahispida. And are clearly accountable for its different therapeutic and pharmacological actions.
Total phenolic content (TPC) observed for leaves of Elettaria cardamomum was 36.74 ± 0.5 mg of GAE/g.
Total tannin content (TTC) observed for leaf of Elettaria cardamomum was 2.788 ± 0.017 mg of TAE/g.
Anti-inflammatory Activity
Percent inhibition of protein denaturation was calculated as follows [11]:
In this research work, the method of HRBC membrane stabilization was selected to estimate anti-inflammatory activities.
In this research work, it exposed that the plant extracts might have moderate anti-inflammatory effect which is possibly reconciled by HRBC membrane stabilization.
Antioxidant activity
Here, the free radical-scavenging action of extracts was assessed with the DPPH assay [11]. In this research work, it exposed that the plant extracts may have important antioxidant effect which is may be reconciled by inhibition of DPPH free radical, which is accountable for oxidation.
In this research work, it exposed that the plant extracts may have important antioxidant effect which is might be reconciled by the inhibition of the DPPH free radical.
By this research study it was concluded that the qualitative estimations indicate substantial existence of saponins, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and also triterpenes. In the plant, this was also concluded that glycosides, alkaloids and also tannins are moderately present. The quantitative assessments demonstrate substantial presence of phenols than tannin. There is an outstanding antioxidant activity in methanolic extract oh this plant. There was also reasonable anti-inflammatory activity in methanolic extract of this plant’s leaves. So each part of the Elettaria cardamomum has altered constituent and the pharmacological properties of this plant vary in relation to part of the plant evaluated. Here the IC50 values by the DPPH scavenging observed for the standard and the leaves were 106.38µg/ml and 594.47 µg/ml separately. Consequently, there is a wonderful antioxidant activity in methanolic extract of this plant. Furthermore, there was also reasonable anti-inflammatory activity in methanolic extract of this plant’s leaves. So, it is assessed that the IC50 values for the anti-inflammatory action by the standard and the plant leaves were 35.04 µg/ml and 944.06 µg/ml separately.
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